04/06/2023
EVIDENCIA HISTÓRICA DERRIBA LEYENDA NEGRA SOBRE PÍO XII
Noticias Católicas

Evidencia Histórica Derriba Leyenda Negra Sobre Pio XII

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EVIDENCIA HISTÓRICA DERRIBA LEYENDA NEGRA SOBRE PÍO XII

Esta información constituye una razón más para derribar la leyenda negra sobre el Papa Pío XII
Una investigación dada a conocer recientemente reveló que muchos de los lugares que acogieron a judíos durante la persecución nazi en la Segunda Guerra Mundial eran instituciones de la Iglesia Católica.

Evidencia histórica derriba leyenda negra sobre Pio XII
papa Pio XII

Esta información constituye una razón más para derribar la leyenda negra sobre el Papa Pío XII a quien algunos acusan de antisemita y “cómplice” de Hitler cuando en realidad ayudó a salvar a unos 800 mil judíos.

Según informó el Catholic Herald, la Fundación Internacional Raoul Wallenberg, un instituto de investigación histórica, se dedica actualmente a buscar los lugares que acogieron a los judíos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para colocarles una placa conmemorativa como gesto de gratitud por su labor de rescate.

A estos lugares los denomina “Casas de Vida”.
El presidente de la Fundación, Eduardo Eurnekian, indicó que “para nuestra sorpresa, nos enteramos que la gran mayoría de Casas de Vida eran instituciones relacionadas con la Iglesia Católica, que incluían conventos, monasterios, internados, hospitales, etc.”.

A la fecha el instituto ha localizado más de 500 “Casas de Vida” en Italia, Francia, Hungría, Bélgica y Polonia.
Según informó la fundación en su sitio web, uno de los últimos lugares católicos en ser reconocidos como “Casa de Vida” ha sido el Collegio San Giuseppe Instituto De Merode en Roma el 14 de febrero.

Este lugar abrió sus puertas clandestinamente a los judíos y les proporcionó alimentos y medicinas hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Actualmente la fundación está enfocada en encontrar más de estos lugares de acogida en Italia.
En un artículo publicado en el Catholic Herald, se estima que solo en la ciudad de Roma cerca de 4,500 judíos encontraron refugio en iglesias, conventos, monasterios e internados.

Durante el tiempo en que sucedió todo esto, el Papa era Pío XII.
Cuando aún era Cardenal, Eugenio Pacelli ya había tenido gestos de ayuda hacia los judíos. En 1937 el Papa Pío XI publicó la encíclica “Mit Brennender Sorge” (Con ardiente inquietud) escrita en alemán donde condenó el nazismo.

Pacelli, su secretario, lo ayudó a redactarla.
Cuatro años después, el Purpurado negoció el acuerdo entre la Santa Sede y Alemania para garantizar la libertad religiosa de los católicos en el país.

Evidencia histórica derriba leyenda negra sobre Pio XII

Al contrario de lo que afirma la leyenda negra en torno al Cardenal Pacelli, los nazis lo llamaban “el amante de los judíos” y lo odiaban tanto que quisieron evitar que fuera elegido Papa en 1939.

Para entonces, el Purpurado ya había hecho más de 50 protestas contra la política nazi. Incluso ayudó a obtener la libertad de un músico judío llamado Ossip Gabrilowitsch que huyó a Estados Unidos y años más tarde se convirtió al catolicismo.

Tras la muerte de Pío XI, el Cardenal Pacelli fue elegido Sucesor de San Pedro y tomó el nombre de Pío XII.
Siendo Papa, incrementó sus actividades de ayuda a los judíos.

Se estima que con su obra se lograron salvar unos 800 mil Judíos. El Santo Padre los escondía en el Vaticano, sobre todo en Castel Gandolfo, la residencia estival de los Papas.

Evidencia histórica derriba leyenda negra sobre Pio XII
Castel Gandolfo – Italia

Llegó a ceder su propia cama para que mujeres judías dieran a luz allí. En total nacieron 42 niños y muchos de ellos fueron llamados Eugenio como acción de gracias a la ayuda del Papa.

También entregó a Israel Zolli, el entonces gran rabino de Roma, un considerable aporte en oro para completar los 50 kilos que los nazis le pidieron entregar a los judíos, algo que no evitó una gran redada en la que volvió a esconder a muchos.

Este y otros gestos hicieron que el rabino se convirtiera al catolicismo, bautizándose con el nombre de Eugenio.
La protección de Pío XII a los judíos y su firmeza moral hicieron que los nazis idearan un plan para secuestrarlo en 1944 cuando el régimen había ocupado Roma. Sin embargo nunca pudieron realizarlo.

EL ORIGEN DE LA LEYENDA NEGRA
Un ex espía de la KGB, Ion Mihai Pacepa, denunció en un artículo publicado en el National Review Online que el Kremlin y la inteligencia rusa armaron un plan llamado “Asiento 12” para destruir la autoridad moral de la Iglesia Católica en la década de 1960.

Pacepa indicó que el principal objetivo era el Papa Pío XII debido a que había fallecido hacía dos años y, como decía el entonces Presidente de Rusia, Nikita Khrushchev, “los muertos no pueden defenderse”.

Pacepa contó que la KGB “quería presentarlo como un antisemita que había alentado el holocausto de Hitler”. Para lograrlo le pidieron modificar algunos documentos originales del Vaticano.

El espía rumano envió cientos de documentos a la KGB relacionados con Pío XII. Sin embargo, no encontró ninguno que incriminara al Papa, por lo cual los alteró.

Estos documentos fueron la base para la obra de teatro “El Vicario” escrita y publicada en 1963 por el alemán Rolf Hochhuth. En ella se presenta a Pío XII como un Papa partidario de los nazis e indiferente al holocausto judío. La obra llegó a traducirse a 20 idiomas.

“Hoy en día, mucha gente que nunca escuchó de ‘El Vicario’ está sinceramente convencida de que Pío XII fue un hombre frío y despiadado que odiaba a los judíos y que ayudó a Hitler a eliminarlos”, manifestó Pacepa.

En 1964, el Papa Pablo VI ordenó hacer una investigación sobre la conducta de Pío XII en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esta demostró que tanto el Pontífice como la Iglesia Católica ayudaron mucho a los judíos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

En 1999 el autor John Cornwell publicó su libro “El Papa de Hitler”, que también defiende la tesis de que Pío XII era antisemita.

En una entrevista concedida al diario español la Vanguardia, el Papa Francisco, lamentó que se haya generado una concepción errada sobre Pío XII y que se le “haya tirado encima de todo” al Pontífice que ayudó a salvar unos 800 mil judíos del holocausto perpetrado por los nazis.

El Santo Padre recordó que tras la muerte de Pío XII la entonces Primera Ministra de Israel envió una carta que decía: “compartimos el dolor de la humanidad. Cuando el Holocausto golpeó a nuestro pueblo, el Papa Pio XII se expuso en defensa de las víctimas”.

por María Ximena Rondón

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